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Understanding Process Steps and Business Roles for Quality Management in Discrete Manufacturing (1E1)

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

Define process steps for quality management in discrete manufacturing (1E1)
Identify business roles for quality management in discrete manufacturing (1E1)

Process Steps for Quality Management in Discrete Manufacturing (1E1)

Applicable Process Steps

Quality Management In Discrete Manufacturing - Goods Receipt from Production

Process Step	Description
Make-to-Order Production - Semifinished Goods Planning and Assembly (1BM)	To execute this step, complete the following activities from the Make-to-Order Production - Semifinished Goods Planning and Assembly (1BM) scope item: Create Initial Material Stock Create Planned Independent Requirements Material Requirements Planning Monitor Material Coverage Create Production Order Release Production Order Confirm Production Order for Semifinished Product
Display Inspection Plan for Inspection Characteristics	In this step, you display the inspection plan that is related to the semifinished goods. The inspection plan defines all inspection characteristics used later in the quality inspection.
Post Goods Receipt for Production Order	In this activity, you post the goods receipt from production after completing a production order. This is required to perform a quality inspection for the assembled material.
Display Material Stock Before Quality Inspection	In this optional step, a review of the subassembly material stock is done. Due to quality inspection, the material is not available for other processing.
Display Quality Technician Overview (optional)	In this optional step, you can display an overview of open inspection lots via the overview page for quality technicians.
Display Inspection Methods	The inspection lot is used to record the results of the inspection operation. In this optional step, the references to the goods receipt and production order are verified as well as the sample size used for quality inspection reviewed.
Display Open Inspection Lot	The assembly undergoes a quality inspection to ensure that it meets the predefined quality requirements. In this step, the quality technician records the inspection result for the required inspection characteristics. Afterwards, the quality engineer completes the inspection with a usage decision.
Record Inspection Results	The quality technician executes the quality inspection and records inspection results for the inspection lot.
Display Quality Engineer Overview (Optional)	The inspection is done and the inspection result is recorded. You must decide whether or not to accept the inspection lot depending on the inspection result. As an optional entry point for making this usage decision, you can use the Quality Engineer Overview (F2360) app. The app displays inspection lots without an inspection plan (for example if automatic assignment of an inspection plan is not set up in the material master or if automatic assignment failed), inspection lots without usage decision, inspection lots ready for usage decision. If negative inspection results are recorded, you can check the defect details in the cards Inspection Lots with Defects, Top Defective Materials, or Top Defective Codes in the Quality Engineer Overview (F2360) app.
Make Usage Decision	The inspection is done and the inspection result is recorded. You must decide whether or not to accept the assembly depending on the inspection result. If you do not want to use the Quality Engineer Overview (F2360) app, you can open the Manage Usage Decisions (F2345) app directly.
Display Material Stock after Quality Inspection	In this optional step, we now verify the material movement done based on the usage decision codes by looking again at the material stock.
Display Inspection Results History (Optional)	In this optional step, an overview about the history of inspection result is shown. For each Inspection Characteristics are several statistical Values and the development for recorded results are illustrated.

Quality Management in Discrete Manufacturing - Within Production Process

Process Step	Description
Make-to-Stock Production - Discrete Manufacturing (BJ5)	To execute this step, complete the following activities from the Make-to-Stock Production - Discrete Manufacturing (BJ5) scope item: Create Initial Material Stock Create Planned Independent Requirements Material Requirements Planning Monitor Material Coverage Create Production Order Release Production Order Confirm Production Order for Semifinished Product
Display Routing for Inspection Characteristics	An inspection during production is triggered by the release of a production order. When you save the production order, an inspection lot is generated for operation 0020. An inspection lot for an inspection during production is not stock relevant. In this step we review the automatically created inspection point for operation 0020 as well as the inspection characteristics which will have to be maintained in the Quality inspection step.
Display Quality Technician Overview (Optional)	In this optional step, you can display an overview of open inspection lots via the overview page for quality technicians.
Display Open Inspection Lot	The assembly undergoes a quality inspection to ensure that it meets the predefined quality requirements. In this step, the quality technician records the inspection result for the required inspection characteristics. Afterwards, the quality engineer completes the inspection with a usage decision.
Display Inspection Methods	The inspection method is reviewed with attached document.
Record Inspection Result Before Activation of the Control Chart	In this step, you perform the inspection and record the result to decide if you can go on with the next operation of the production order. The result is recorded in the inspection lot according to the defined inspection parameters in the routing. The master inspection characteristic diameter is valuated leveraging a SPC control chart. If the control chart has not been activated, yet, the user must valuate the characteristic manually. After activation of the control chart, the respective characteristic is automatically valuated by the system according to the control charts action limits. As it is currently not possible to specify the control charts limits manually, a minimal amount of data points must have been collected before the chart can be activated.
Analyze and Activate Control Chart (Optional)	You can display the control chart in graphical and tabular form. If you have collected enough data that describes the statistical variation of your manufacturing process, you can execute this step to activate a control chart. After activating a control chart, the corresponding inspection characteristics will be valuated against this control chart.
Record Inspection Result After Activation of the Control Chart	You perform the inspection and record the result to decide if you can go on with the next operation of the production order. The result is recorded in the inspection lot according to the defined inspection parameters in the routing.
Display Quality Engineer Overview (Optional)	The inspection is done and the inspection result is recorded. You must decide whether or not to accept the inspection lot depending on the inspection result. As an optional entry point for making this usage decision, you can use the Quality Engineer Overview (F2360) application. The app displays inspection lots without an inspection plan (for example if automatic assignment of an inspection plan is not set up in the material master or if automatic assignment failed), inspection lots without usage decision, inspection lots ready for usage decision. If negative inspection results are recorded, you can check the defect details in the cards Inspection Lots with Defects, Top Defective Materials, or Top Defective Codes in the Quality Engineer Overview (F2360) app.
Make Usage Decision	The inspection is done and the inspection result is recorded. You must decide whether or not to accept the assembly depending on the inspection result. If you do not want to use the Quality Engineer Overview (F2360) app, you can open the Manage Usage Decisions (F2345) app directly.
Confirm Production Order Operation	In this step, you confirm the production order.
Review Production Order	After the release or confirm of finished goods orders is performed, the production supervisor could display and check the order using the app Monitor Production Orders for the material.
Make-to-Stock Production - Discrete Manufacturing (BJ5)	To execute this step, complete the following activities from the Make-to-Stock Production - Discrete Manufacturing (BJ5) scope item: Final Confirmation of Production (Finished Goods) Post Goods Receipt for Production Order
Quality Management Within Production Process - Make-to-Stock Production of a Batch Managed Material	In this process, a batch-managed semi-finished product is produced. The routing contains a quality-inspection operation with inspection points in order to monitor the quality during the production process.
Create Raw Material Stock	In a real business case, the materials are usually purchased from external suppliers. In that case, process is covered by the standard purchasing or subcontracting processes. For the purpose of this test, we post initial stock directly to the Issue Storage Location.
Create and Release Production Order	For demo purposes, we directly create a production order without a planned production order. The comprehensive process is covered in the scope items Make-to-Stock Production - Discrete Manufacturing (BJ5) and Make-to-Stock - Process Manufacturing Based on Production Order (2UG).
Goods Issue of Batch-Managed Components via Pick List	The withdrawal of the raw materials is used for the order. This withdrawal can be done by using the picking list or doing a manual goods issue. If the material is set for backflush (in material master or resource), the withdrawing is done automatically after you confirm the operation or the whole order. Backflushing should not be used for batch-managed components (to ensure that the physically picked and consumed batch is the same as the recorded batch).
Confirm Production Operations	In the process industry, GR and GI postings are usually done immediately during the physical movements of the materials to ensure batch traceability and data consistency. Order confirmations with backflush are done at shift end or day end. The sum of the GI and GR quantity for the given order is then recorded within the confirmation and scrap quantities (optional). The time ticket confirmation allows recording either the default times for machine and labor usage, or record actual times for major deviations. After a production operation is completed, the production operator confirms the production operation in the system so that the next operation can be started. He reports quantities (for example, yield, scrap, rework) and times (for example, machine preparation time, labor time, and so on).
Execute Quality Inspection With Inspection Points	In this step, the quality technician performs the quality inspection and records the inspection result(s) in order to decide whether the next operation of the production order can be executed. The result is recorded in the inspection lot according to the defined inspection parameters in the routing. Here, time-based inspection points are used for result recording. Leveraging inspection points, you can have several inspections and can record multiple sets of characteristic results for a single operation. Each inspection point is valuated separately with a coded valuation.
Confirm Production Operations	In the process industry, GR and GI postings are usually done immediately during the physical movements of the materials to ensure batch traceability and data consistency. Order confirmations with backflush are done at shift end or day end. The sum of the GI and GR quantity for the given order is then recorded within the confirmation and scrap quantities (optional). The time ticket confirmation allows recording either the default times for machine and labor usage, or record actual times for major deviations. After a production operation is completed, the production operator confirms the production operation in the system so that the next operation can be started. He reports quantities (for example, yield, scrap, rework) and times (for example, machine preparation time, labor time, and so on).
Post Goods Receipt for Order	The purpose of this activity is to post the goods receipt for the production order. You may post goods receipt for the total quantity or partial quantities if the production has not finished, yet. In the latter case, the partially completed production operations should be confirmed without the final completion status until production is completed.
Make Usage Decision	In order to close the inspection lot, the quality engineer makes a usage decision. As the inspection lot of origin 03 is not stock-relevant, there is no follow-up action assigned to the usage decision code that triggers a goods movement.
Review Batch Data (Optional)	A batch class is assigned to the batch-managed material. The batch class contains characteristics for information related to the usage decision (usage decision code and quality score) as well as inspection characteristics. In this step, the batch classification of the produced batch is displayed. By transferring inspection results to classification data, the data can be used for example in a batch-search strategy to find products with specified characteristics.

Business Roles for Quality Management in Discrete Manufacturing (1E1)

Click on the available pictogram to display according information and the relevant piece of the hierarchy.

Access to business applications is controlled by role-based authorization management. You assign Business Roles to Business Users, and the roles provide access to business tasks. Business Users are defined as employees, contractors, or other individuals that need access to the SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition system.

How to find Business Roles for a scope item

Navigate to https://rapid.sap.com/bp/#/BP_CLD_ENTPR.
Select your country localization from the Version drop-down list.
In the Solution Scope section, expand the relevant scope item group.
Select a scope item.
Download the test script.
Navigate to the Roles section of the test script.

A Business Role is assigned to a Business User to grant permission to access applications in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition.

One or more Business Catalogs have been assigned to a Business Role. Business Catalogs include access to one or more applications, dashboards, or displays of data.

Administrators can control visibility to the data granted through the catalog by applying General Restrictions to Business Catalogs. By maintaining access restrictions, you can define the subset of all existing business objects a user can view (read) or edit (write) when working with a particular business role.

The Business Catalog defines which access categories are available (Value Help, Read, Write), and for which fields restriction values can be maintained. The fields vary per catalog, as they are based on the fields within the apps in the catalog. The Business Role aggregates restrictions for all Business Catalogs.

Administrators define a restriction based on a supported field (for example, company code, country, controlling area, and so on). Supported restriction fields vary per Business Catalog, as they are based on the fields within the apps in the catalog. You can restrict data access for the Value Help, Read, and Write separately. Read access always includes Value Help access, and Write access always includes Read access.

How to identify the Business Catalog(s) mapped to a Business Role and the Fiori application(s) mapped to a Business Catalog:

Log into the SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition system.
Select the Manage Business Roles application from the Launchpad.
Select a Business Role.
Select the Assigned Business Catalogs tab to view the standard Business Catalogs assigned to the standard Business Role.
Select a Business Catalog.
Select the Catalog Description tab to view the Functional Description, Authorization Criteria, and Associated Catalogs information.
Select the Applications tab to view the Fiori apps mapped to the Business Catalog.

Note

Please do not edit SAP Standard Business Roles directly. To customize Business Roles, always make a copy of the SAP Standard Business Role or use the option Create From Template in the Maintain Business Roles application.

To apply General Restrictions, an Administrator should first make a copy of the SAP Standard Business Role, or create a new role based on the SAP Standard Business Role Template. For example, if you need to restrict access in the Accounts Payable Accountant Business Role for some users to only Company Code 1710 (United States), and for some users to only Company Code 1010 (Germany), you will create two new Business Roles based on the SAP Standard Accounts Payable Accountant role. You should name the roles accordingly (for example, Accounts Payable Accountant_1710). In the first business role, you will edit the role and maintain the restriction value(s) for the entire Business Role (that is, define the Company Code field = 1710). Then, you may edit the individual business catalogs within the role and define the access category (that is, Value Help, Read, Write) as Restricted. When you create a new Business Role, the Read access is set to Unrestricted and Write access is set to No Access by default. When an access category is Restricted, you must select a specific field value (for example, Company Code = 1710) or grant unrestricted access. If you leave fields empty within a business catalog, a user will be assigned No Access to the field in the business catalog's granted apps.

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