Introducing Quantity Structure and Value Structure

Objective

After completing this lesson, you will be able to explain how to define a cost estimate through quantity structure and value structure

Lesson Overview

In this lesson, you learn about the importance of accurately capturing both the quantity structure and value structure in Product cost accounting to calculate the total cost of production. This information is crucial for making pricing decisions, determining profitability, and evaluating cost-saving opportunities.

Understanding the quantity and value structures helps businesses make informed decisions about production processes, identify costs reduction areas, and improve efficiency. This can ultimately lead to better financial performance and competitiveness in the marketplace.

In the following video, we look at an overview of product cost planning.

In this video, the key points of product cost planning are summarized. When creating a cost estimate with a quantity structure, you need to specify the costing variant, the material to be costed, the plan, and the lot size. The costing variant helps SAP SAP S/4HANA determine the validity period, selection date, quantity structure date, and pricing date. The system automatically selects and values the quantity structure, including materials, activities, and overhead costs. The value structure breaks down production costs into direct and indirect costs. Finally, the cost estimate results can be analyzed and used for pricing, inventory valuation, profitability analysis, and product cost accounting.

Quantity Structure

When creating a standard cost estimate in the Product Planning component, the system uses different types of master data to create the quantity structure for costing. It refers to the use of production master data, such as BOM, routing, or recipe for process industries.

First, material costing with quantity structure can determine the product structure and production plans as entered in logistics and convert them to structures used in Product cost accounting. The BOM is used for calculating material costs.

The routing describes a sequence of production steps (operations) that determines production quantities for a certain lot size. Each operation contains information about where it is performed (work center), what is needed (production resources and tools, material assignments), and standard quantities (how long).

Quantity and Value Structures

A hierarchical presentation of a bill of materials for 10 Bike Company finished products, including the semi-finished products and the raw materials. In a table, the BOM is displayed by level, with the information of quantities, unit of quantities, and Material reference.

Value Structure

When creating a cost estimate in SAP S/4HANA, it's crucial to define the valuation rules based on the costing variant and the derived quantity structures.

For example, when estimating the standard cost of a bike, you can choose the SAP predefined costing variant PPC1 (Standard Cost Estimate Material), which updates all ledgers with standard costs.

This update enables businesses to:

  • Evaluate performance with the production process.
  • Identify where their resources are being spent.
  • Identify areas for cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and overall value increase.

The main elements used for direct cost valuation are:

  • Activity price for each activity, which is derived from the routing. It is performed to configure the machines, or produce the product. The activity price can be planned. The material price comes from Materials Management (MM) and determines the material costs.
  • Material price for each component derived from the BOM. This is used in the production process, and based on the master data information. The material price comes from Materials Management (MM) and determines the material costs.

The main element used for indirect cost valuation is currently overhead costs. The goal determines the related value of the production costs (how much).

You have seen how valuation is triggered for the different kinds of costs in a cost estimate. Now, let's outline how the different kinds of costs are organized to facilitate costing analysis.

Log in to track your progress & complete quizzes