Configuring Sample Inventory

Objective

After completing this lesson, you will be able to configure sample inventory in SAP S/4HANA.

Creating Inventory Sampling Profiles

The stock management level is the total quantity of all stock management units that share the same attributes: material type, plant, storage location, and stock type. For inventory sampling in Warehouse Management, the relevant attributes are warehouse number and storage type.

In SAP S/4HANA (2026), creating an inventory sampling profile is a mandatory prerequisite for carrying out statistical sample-based inventories. The inventory sampling profile acts as a template, defining mathematical parameters and default values critical for random selection and extrapolation.

Configuration

To create the profile, navigate to: SPROMaterials ManagementInventory Management and Physical InventoryPhysical InventoryInventory SamplingCreate Inventory Sampling Profile.

Once the profile is saved, you can carry out the sample-based inventory by navigating to: SAP Easy AccessLogisticsMaterials ManagementPhysical InventoryInventory SamplingCreate.

Define key profile parameters

Next, define key profile parameters:

  • Currency: Specify the currency for all value-based calculations, like book value versus physical value.
  • Probability of Error: Set the statistical confidence level. Lower probability requires a larger sample size, but increases accuracy.
  • Upper Price Limit: Determine the threshold for high-value items to be fully counted due to their potential impact on statistical results.
  • Upper Value Limit (Percentage): Define a value or percentage limit. It often follows the 80/20 rule to ensure higher-value items are fully counted while lower-value items are sampled.

After you save the profile, assign it to an inventory sampling document by navigate to SAP Easy AccessLogisticsMaterials ManagementPhysical InventoryInventory SamplingCreate.

The system uses the profile parameters to:

  • Divide stock into strata: Based on value layers
  • Perform random selection: Select items for manual counting
  • Calculate extrapolation error: Assess the validity of the statistical results after posting the count

How to Review Inventory Sampling Profiles

Defining Stock Management Levels

Define Stock Management Levels sets the organizational granularity at which SAP records and tracks inventory — for example, whether stock is managed at plant level, at plant + storage location, or with additional dimensions such as batch/serial or special-stock indicators. Changing these settings determines how detailed your inventory documents and reports are, how many stock records are created, and which transactions and processes (counting, postings, reporting, EWM integration) are affected.

You can access this setting via the SAP Implementation Guide (SPRO): Materials ManagementInventory Management and Physical InventoryInventory SamplingDefine Stock Management Levels.

How to Define Stock Management Levels

Summary

  • Create inventory sampling profiles in SAP S/4HANA as a mandatory step for statistical sample-based inventory counting.
  • Define key profile parameters such as currency, probability of error, and value limits to guide inventory sampling.
  • Assign profiles to inventory sampling documents to enable automated random selection and statistical analysis of stock.
  • Set stock management levels to determine how inventory is tracked and reported within your organization.