Creating a Customer Churn Indicator

Objective

After completing this lesson, you will be able to predict customer churn

Customer Churn

Customer churn, the loss of customers over time, is a significant challenge for any business. This lesson will teach you how to use predictive analytics to anticipate and address churn effectively. We'll explore the Churn Model in the AI Workbench, its key features, and how it empowers you to identify at-risk customers, understand churn conditions, as well as configure and run the Churn Model.

What is the Churn Model?

The Churn Model is a predictive analytics tool within the AI Workbench. It uses your historical customer data to understand patterns and predict the likelihood of a customer, or a group of customers, discontinuing their engagement with your products or services. The model leverages sophisticated algorithms and allows for customized churn conditions to provide actionable insights that can inform your retention strategies.

Getting to Know the Churn Model

The Churn Model in SAP Customer Data Platform AI Workbench is a powerful tool for predicting customer churn. By analyzing historical customer behavior, the model identifies patterns and calculates the probability that a given customer will churn in the future. This enables businesses to proactively address churn risks and implement targeted retention strategies. Think of it as a crystal ball, but instead of vague predictions, it gives you data-driven insights into which customers are likely to leave and why. This allows you to focus your efforts on keeping those valuable customers engaged.

A simple graphic depicting a crystal ball focusing on customers leaving through the exit door.

Churn Model Capabilities

Predict churn probabilities at both profile and group levels.
The model can predict churn risk for individual customers (the profile level), allowing for highly personalized interventions. It can also predict churn for a collection of customers (the group level), enabling broader retention campaigns.Two charts side-by-side. One showing individual customer churn probabilities, the other showing churn probability for customer segments.
Use advanced algorithms to train and analyze predictive behaviors.
The Churn Model utilizes sophisticated machine learning algorithms, for instance Gradient Boosted Trees (GBTs) and Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLPC), to identify complex patterns in customer behavior that indicate churn risk. These algorithms learn from your historical data and continuously improve their accuracy over time.
A simplified representation of a machine learning algorithm processing data and outputting churn predictions.
Enable business-specific customizations like churn conditions and observation/prediction windows.
You can tailor the Churn Model to your specific business needs by defining what constitutes churn for your business (e.g., no purchase in 90 days, unsubscribing from a newsletter). You also control the timeframe for the historical data analysis (observation period) and the timeframe for the churn prediction (prediction period).A simple calendar graphic highlighting the observation period and the prediction period.

Key Concepts

Churn Condition
This defines the specific criteria that indicate a customer has churned. It's the trigger that tells the model a customer is no longer engaged. For example, for a subscription service, a churn condition might be "No subscription renewal" or "Account cancellation." For an e-commerce business, it could be "No purchase in the last 90 days."A simple graphic illustrating a churn condition: an empty shopping cart with “90 days” next to it.
Prediction Period
This is the timeframe into the future for which the model predicts churn. For instance, you might want to predict churn for the next 30, 60, or 90 days.A calendar graphic highlighting a 30/60/90 day period labeled “Prediction Period”
Observation Period
This is the timeframe of historical data the model uses to identify churn patterns. It's the period the algorithm ‘learns’ from. A longer observation period can provide more data for the model to learn from, but it also means older, and thus perhaps less relevant, data might influence predictions.Historical Data (Observation Period) → Churn Model Algorithm → Churn Prediction (Prediction Period)

Churn Conditions

Churn, the loss of customers over time, is a critical metric for any business. Accurately predicting which customers are likely to churn allows you to take proactive steps to retain them. The SAP Customer Data Platform AI Workbench helps you achieve this by allowing you to define specific churn conditions.

Churn conditions are rules or formulas that define what constitutes a "churned" customer in your specific business context. These conditions are used by the predictive models in the AI Workbench to identify customers at risk of churning.

Defining Churn Conditions

You can define churn conditions using the AI Workbench's flexible editor, choosing from four options:

  1. Visual Editor. A user-friendly GUI interface for building formulas without coding.Screenshot showing only the visual editor (no text equivalent displayed).
  2. Visual Editor and Text. Combines the visual editor with a read-only text view of the formula.Screenshot showing the visual editor and the read-only text equivalent.
  3. Advanced: Visual Editor and Editable Text. Allows you to edit the formula directly as text while also seeing the visual representation.Screenshot showing both the visual editor and the editable text equivalent.
  4. Advanced: Editable Text. For users comfortable with writing formulas directly as text.Screenshot of the editor showing only the condition's editable text.

Using Churn Condition Templates

The AI Workbench provides pre-built churn condition templates to get you started quickly. These templates cover common churn scenarios, such as customers not placing orders within a specific timeframe or exhibiting low spending patterns.

Example: "No Orders in the Last 90 Days" Template
Screenshot showing a list of templates, with the template No Orders in the Last 90 Days highlighted.

This template defines a churn condition where a customer is considered churned if they haven't placed an order in the last 90 days. The formula looks like this:

count(Activities.Orders.OrderId, inLast (90 day)) = 0

Screenshot showing the count condition.

This understanding of the Churn Model and its key components will allow you to effectively use the AI Workbench to predict and address customer churn. In the next section, we'll dive into the practical steps involved in configuring and running a Churn Model.

Quick Start with Churn Predictive Indicator

There is a simpler and straightforward way to create a new Churn Predictive Indicator and run the churn model: instead of using the AI Workbench, you can do so in the main CDP Console.

Let’s quickly create a new Churn Predictive Indicator using the main SAP Customer Data Platform Console.

Step-by-Step Procedure

  1. Go to CustomersIndicators from the left-hand side navigation menu.Screenshot showing the CDP Dashboard's sidebar menu, with the Indicators entry highlighted.
  2. Click Create new Indicator.Screenshot of Indicators page, highlighting the Create New Indicator button.
  3. Choose Churn under Predictive Indicators on the Create New Indicator popup and click Create.Screenshot of Create New Indicator dialog, with the Churn option highlighted.
  4. Choose the prediction time frame, segments, processing purposes and the churn criteria/condition.Screenshot of the New Churn page, with the Indicator name highlighted: Quick Start Churn.

This is a simplified view of the previous churn model settings. If you need more advanced or flexible settings, you still need to go to the AI Workbench and fine tune the model run settings.

Once you click Save, the new indicator will be activated and calculated. You will be able to see the new indicator values on customer profiles or groups when the calculation is completed.

Screenshot of the Indicators page showing three profile indicators, the last of which, Quick Start Churn, is highlighted.

Configuring a Churn Model Run

If you need more flexibility when running Churn models, the AI Workbench can provide you with both extra basic settings and extra advanced configurations.

Step-by-Step Procedure

  1. Access the AI Workbench

    First, choose AI Workbench from the top Entity dropdown. After that, from the AI Workbench side panel, choose the Manage Models icon.

    Screenshot of the Churn (Profile) page in the AI Workbench, highlighting the Manage Models button on the left margin.
  2. Choose the Churn Model Type

    Select Churn (Profile) to predict churn at the profile level, or

    Select Churn (Group) to predict churn for customer groups

    Screenshot of the Manage Model page, with the entries Churn (Profile) and Churn (Group) highlighted.
  3. Define the Model Details
    Predictive Indicator Name
    Give the churn model a name that reflects its purpose (e.g., "VIP Churn Prediction").
    Provide a description (optional).
    Screenshot of the Churn (Profile)'s Settings tab, with the name highlighted: Demo Churn Indicator, and a description shown: Create AI Workbench course demo.

    The name is considered to be the name of the predictive indicator, hence the field name. Once you complete the model run, a new predictive indicator will be created in the CDP, but it’s not activated by default.

    Screenshot of the Indicators page, with the unactivated Demo Churn Indicator highlighted.
  4. Segment and Group Selection (optional)

    Choose the target population or a subset of your analytics data by selecting a segment. For example, a segment could be a set of profiles or groups from a particular city, e.g., "Customers from New York".

    For group-based predictions, specify the relevant group type (e.g., product category or subscription type).

  5. Set Processing Purposes (optional)

    Ensure data processing permissions are configured under Processing Purposes.

    Screenshot showing the Model Parameters, and highlighting the Tos processing purpose.

    If you don't choose a processing purpose, the model will run on all profiles or groups and their orders, i.e., no matter whether or which processing purposes are granted.

  6. Adjust Churn Conditions

    Define a new churn condition or choose one from the Templates (for instance "No Orders in the Last 90 Days").

    Screenshot of Churn Condition that reads: count(Activities.Orders.Id, inLast(90 day)) = 0.

    The churn conditions will be used to determine what constitutes a churned profile or group. You can use built-in templates or create a custom churn condition in the formula editor.

  7. Customize Prediction Parameters.
    • Set Prediction period (for instance, 6 months).

      It is the window of time for which the model produces the dependent variables or predictions.

    • Define the Observation period (for instance, 12 months prior).

      It is the period of time that determines the independent variables of the model.

    • Configure Churn probability thresholds for high/low-risk categorization.Screenshot of Model Parameters highlighting the Prediction period (2), the Observation period (12), the High Risk Churn Probability (90) and the Low Risk Churn probability (10).

      Profiles or groups that are predicted to have a risk of churning at or above/below this probability will be labeled high/low risk.

  8. Advanced Settings (Optional).

    Activate a specific algorithm and configure Evaluation metric(for instance, F1-score), Split ratio, and cross validation options.

    Screenshot of the Advanced page, Highlighting the many settings of the Random Forest Algorithm: max depth, no. trees, min. instances per node, Feature subset strategy (Auto), subsampling rate (1), Bootstrap (checked), and Impurity (Gini).

    The advanced section is a powerful tool for data scientists. It allows you to fine-tune your model by selecting different algorithms and evaluation metrics. However, this section is optional and disabled by default. If you don't need to use it, simply move on to run the configured churn model.

    If you want to explore the advanced section, just toggle it on. Once it's open, you can further customize the algorithm you've chosen.

Running the Churn Model

Here are the steps to run a Churn Model:

  1. Start the Run.

    After inputting all configurations, click the Run button at the bottom right of the Settings screen.

    Screenshot of the Churn (Profile) page, highlighting the Run button at the bottom right.
  2. Monitor Progress:

    Navigate to the Runs Tab to view real-time status updates and completed results.

    Screenshot of the Runs tab of the Churn (Profile) page, showing the status as Running.

    The Status will go through Queued, Running, and Completed or Failed.

  3. Interpret Results.

    Analyze outputs such as high-risk profiles/groups based on the defined thresholds.

    Once the model run is Completed, click the Actions drop-down menu on the corresponding entry.

    Screenshot of the Churn (Profile) page showing the drop-down shown when the hamburger button at the right of a run entry is clicked. The menu has the options Report, Publish, Run Prediction, Stop, Log, Copy, Schedule Prediction, and Delete Run. The Stop and Delete options are grayed out, indicating they're unavailable.

    You can view the log information of the Completed or Failed model run by choosing Log from the Actions drop-down menu.

    Screenshot of the Log file.

    You can view the report information of the Completed model run by choosing Report from the Actions drop-down menu.

    Screenshot showing the Churn Probability by Risk Level, Churn Risk by Segment, and the Churn Probability Distribution.

    You can see the Churn Probability By Risk Level and Churn Risk By Segment. On the pie chart and the bar chart, it shows how many profiles or groups are predicted to be at High risk, Medium risk or Low risk of churn. And on the Churn Probability Distribution bar chart, it shows the probability distribution bucket by bucket. These numbers are calculated based on the Churn probability (high / low risk) percentage configurations on the Settings screen.

  4. Publish the predictive indicator.

    If the model run completes successfully without errors in the log information, and the report looks good, you can Publish the model run results as a predictive indicator.

    Like the model run Status, the Publish process will also go through the statuses Queued, Running, and Published or Failed.

    Screenshot of the Runs tab of Churn (Profile) highlighting the Publish status Running.

    After the result or predictive indicator is Published, you can still manually trigger the same model run (the Run Prediction action), or schedule the same model run (the Schedule Prediction action) to be triggered periodically. But you can also Copy the previous run configurations as a template to start a fresh new model run configuration.

    Screenshot of the Runs tab of Churn (Profile) highlighting the Publish status Published and the action drop-down selection Schedule Prediction.

    Now we can go to the Indicators screens and find and activate the new predictive indicator.

    Screenshot of the Indicators page highlighting the Activate option from the action drop-down for the Demo Churn Indicator.

    Once the predictive indicator is activated, the associated churn model run will be automatically scheduled. You can modify the schedule by choosing Edit Scheduled Prediction from the Actions drop-down menu.

    Screenshot of the Runs tab of Churn (Profile) highlighting the Scheduling status Active and the action drop-down selection Edit Scheduled Prediction.
  5. Check the predictive indicator values.

    Now that the new predictive indicator is activated, you can go to the customer profiles or groups to see the predicted values.

    Screenshot of the Customer page showing the Demo Churn Indicator, with a value of 1.6.

Configuring, Running, and Publishing a Customer Churn Indicator – Video

The following video will demonstrate how to configure, run, and publish an indicator in the AI Workbench.

Practical Test

As a newly-minted expert on Customer Churn, it's time to test your mettle! The following practical test invites you to carry out the steps necessary to create a Customer Churn Indicator, using a simulated CDP Workbench. Only the controls needed for each step of the test are active. Good luck!

Practical Test

Summary

In this lesson, we delved into the Churn Model using the SAP Customer Data Platform's AI Workbench. We learned how this powerful tool uses historical customer data to predict future churn probabilities at both individual and group levels. We explored key concepts such as the Observation Period, used to analyze past behavior, and the Prediction Period, which forecasts future churn risk. You also learned how to define specific Churn Conditions tailored to your business, leveraging the flexibility of the AI Workbench editor and pre-built templates. Finally, we looked at how to configure and run the Churn Model in the AI Workbench