Exploring Characteristics and Classes

Objective

After completing this lesson, you will be able to discuss basic functions of characteristics and classes.

Basic Functions of Characteristics and Classes

Screens for Characteristics Management

To classify SAP master data, start by creating characteristics.

The following video introduces characteristics creation.

Characteristic Status

After you have created a characteristic, you need to specify whether and how you will work with it.To do this, you'll use the Characteristic status.

You maintain statuses for characteristics in Customizing for classification. The following options are available:

  • Characteristics with status In preparation cannot be used in classes.
  • Characteristics with status Released can be used in classes without restrictions.
  • Characteristics with status Locked can no longer be used in classes. This status does not affect classes where the characteristic is already used.

Characteristic Formats

After you've defined the initial data for a characteristic and set its status, the next step is to define its format. Two commonly used formats are numeric (NUM) and character (CHAR).

NUM Format

Choose the NUM data type if you need to enter numeric values.

  • Value Length: Numeric values can be up to 15 characters long.
  • Units and Length: You can set units for the values and specify their length.
  • Decimal Places: Decimal places reduce the total length of the characteristic. Note that the decimal point and thousand separators are not counted.
  • Exponents: To convert values to powers of 10, you can use standard exponent formats like 1,E-XX, for example:
    • 1000 = 1,000E+03
    • 100 = 1,000E+02
    • 0.001 = 1,000E-03 You can also enter exponents manually or use scientific formats like milli, micro, or mega.
  • Entry Required: Set the Entry required indicator if a value must always be assigned during classification.
  • Interval Values: Set the Interval values allowed indicator if you need to enter interval values.

The image below shows examples.

Table titled Basic Data: Format NUM with columns for Chars, Decimal places, Unit, Neg.-values, and Exponent, containing various data entries. A legend at the bottom indicates Entry required and Interval values allowed in red, with the table and legend highlighted in yellow and white.

CHAR Format

If you want to enter alphanumeric values, select the CHAR data type.

Alphanumeric values can be up to 30 characters long. With customizing settings (activate extended fields), this can be extended to 70 characters.

The following video explains the character format

Here are a few tips for customizing CHAR format:

  • Case Sensitivity: You can specify whether uppercase and lowercase characters are treated as different. If not, all values are automatically converted to uppercase.
  • Templates for Values: You can define a template for entering values. Templates can include alphanumeric characters, numbers, and separators.
  • Language-Dependent Descriptions: Descriptions that depend on the language can be defined only for values with the CHAR format.
  • Entry Requirement: To ensure a value is always assigned to a characteristic during classification, set the Entry Required indicator.

Allowed Values

You can specify which values the system will accept for your characteristic. The following image provides an example.

chart titled Permissible Values with sections for Constant (s), Intervals, Combinations, and Additional values. The intervals section includes ranges such as 100-200, >100, >=100, and 100-<200, while the combinations section lists <50, 100, 150-180, and >=200.

  • Optional Specification: Entering allowed values for a characteristic is optional. If you do not specify allowed values, you can enter any value that matches the defined format when classifying objects.

  • Binding Values: The allowed values or intervals you define are binding for classification. However, you can set an indicator to permit additional values.

  • Default Value: You can set a default value for a characteristic, which will be displayed when using the characteristic to classify objects.

Screens for Class Management

To classify SAP master data, begin by defining characteristics. Next, define the relevant class.

The following video introduces the screens you'll use when defining classes and provides some preliminary tips.

When creating a class, you must enter basic data, including a description and the class status. Filling out other screens is optional.

  • Keywords Screen: To simplify finding the class using matchcodes or search help, enter search strings on the Keywords screen. You do not need to re-enter the class description here.

  • Characteristics Screen: Assign characteristics to the class on the Characteristics screen.

Class Types

The class type is essential for class maintenance. It determines which object types can be classified within a class.

Watch the following video for a deeper understanding of class types.

The class type plays a central role in class maintenance, determining which object types can be included in a class.

Class Status

When creating a class, the class status controls its behavior and use in downstream processes.

The following video details the class status.

How to Work with Characteristics and Classes

The engineering and design department in your company wants to use classification to quickly locate fasteners, like screws, bolts, nuts, and rivets, based on specific criteria.

As a member of the project team responsible for this task, you must first create some test characteristics and classes.

Task 1: Create a "Length" Characteristic

The following video demonstrates how to create a characteristic to describe the "Thread length of screws"

Task 2: Create a "Thread Type" Characteristic

The following video demonstrates how to create a characteristic to describe the "Thread Type of screws"

Task 3: Create a Class for Nuts

Your next task is to create classes.

The first class is used for nuts, where no characteristics exist at the moment.

The second class is the one you'll use for your screw characteristics.

Watch the following video to learn how to create classes for nut characteristics that will be created later.

Task 4: Create a Class for Screws and Add Characteristics

Watch the following video to see how to create classes for screw characteristics, as well as the characteristics themselves.

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